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What is Ingrown Nail? Symptoms and Treatment Methods

An ingrown toenail, especially common on the big toe, is a widespread orthopedic condition that occurs when the nail grows into the surrounding skin. Associate Prof. Dr. Harun Mutlu and Associate Prof. Dr. Serhat Mutlu share key information about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ingrown toenails.

What Is an Ingrown Toenail?

An ingrown toenail (Onychocryptosis) develops when the edges of the nail grow into the adjacent soft tissue, causing inflammation, pain, and possible infection. Contributing factors include improper nail trimming, tight or ill-fitting shoes, and trauma to the nail.

What Are the Symptoms of an Ingrown Toenail?

Patients with an ingrown toenail may experience:

- Severe pain and tenderness at the nail margin

- Redness and swelling around the nail

- Drainage or pus formation

- Increased discomfort when walking or wearing shoes

If you have these symptoms, Associate Prof. Dr. Harun Mutlu and Associate Prof. Dr. Serhat Mutlu recommend you see an orthopedic specialist promptly.

What Causes an Ingrown Toenail?

Contributing factors include:

Improper Nail Trimming: Cutting nails too short or rounding the corners can cause the nail to dig into the skin.

Tight or Stiff Footwear: Shoes that press on the toe can precipitate ingrowth.

Excessive Sweating and Poor Hygiene: Moist conditions increase the risk of infection.

Genetic Predisposition: Family history of ingrown nails raises your risk.

Trauma: Direct injury to the nail or repetitive pressure can promote ingrowth.

How Is an Ingrown Toenail Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made by physical examination. To assess the presence of infection or underlying complications, ultrasound or X-ray may be ordered. Chronic cases with suspected subungual abscesses may require additional imaging.

How Is an Ingrown Toenail Treated?

Treatment varies by severity:

1. Home Care (Mild Cases)

- Warm saltwater soaks: Soak the foot several times daily to reduce swelling.

- Antiseptic solutions and creams: Keep the area clean to lower infection risk.

- Proper footwear: Wear wide, comfortable shoes to relieve pressure.

2. Medical Management (Moderate Cases)

- Antibiotics: If infection is present, a course of antibiotics may be prescribed.

- Nail-lift devices: Specialized pads can be placed under the nail edge to lift it away from the skin.

3. Surgical Intervention (Severe Cases)

- Partial nail avulsion (Partial matrixectomy): Under local anesthesia, the ingrown portion of the nail is removed.

- Complete nail avulsion: In advanced infections, the entire nail may be removed.

- Chemical or laser matrix ablation: The nail root is cauterized with phenol or laser to prevent recurrence.

How to Prevent Ingrown Toenails

- Trim nails straight across; avoid rounding corners.

- Choose shoes with a wide toe box.

- Practice good foot hygiene; keep feet clean and dry.

- Perform regular foot care and avoid excessive pressure on the toes.

Conclusion

Ingrown toenails can significantly impact quality of life if neglected. Early intervention reduces pain and infection risk. If you suffer from an ingrown toenail, Associate Prof. Dr. Harun Mutlu and Associate Prof. Dr. Serhat Mutlu can recommend the best treatment to restore healthy foot function.

For detailed information and appointments, consult a qualified orthopedic specialist.