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What is Flat Feet (Pes Planus)? Symptoms and Treatment Methods

Flatfoot (Pes Planus) is an orthopedic condition that occurs when the arch of the foot is underdeveloped or collapses over time. This causes the entire sole to contact the ground, leading to pain, gait disturbances, and postural problems. Associate Prof. Dr. Harun Mutlu and Associate Prof. Dr. Serhat Mutlu explain what you need to know about flatfoot, its symptoms, and treatment options.

What Is Flatfoot?

Flatfoot (Pes Planus) occurs when the natural arch of the foot is absent or weak, causing the inner sole to make full or partial contact with the ground. While often congenital, adult‐onset flatfoot can develop later in life.

What Are the Symptoms of Flatfoot?

Some people with flatfoot have no noticeable symptoms, but others may experience:

- Increased foot and leg pain after prolonged standing or walking

- A feeling of collapse or inward rolling at the ankle or arch

- Uneven wear and deformation of shoe soles

- Pain in the knees, hips, or lower back

- Impaired walking balance and quick fatigue

If you experience any of these symptoms, Associate Prof. Dr. Harun Mutlu and Associate Prof. Dr. Serhat Mutlu recommend consulting an orthopedic specialist.

What Causes Flatfoot?

Flatfoot can be present at birth or develop later. Common causes include:

Genetic factors: A family history of flatfoot increases your risk.

Weak foot muscles and ligaments: Aging or excess weight can lead to arch collapse over time.

Trauma or injuries: Ankle fractures or ligament sprains may result in flatfoot.

Rheumatic diseases: Certain inflammatory conditions can compromise arch structure.

Poor footwear choices: Unsupportive, flat, or rigid shoes reduce arch support.

How Is Flatfoot Diagnosed?

Orthopedic specialists use the following methods:

Physical examination: Observation of standing posture, gait analysis, and foot shape.

Wet foot test: A footprint test to see how the sole contacts the ground.

X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound: Imaging to assess bone alignment and ligament integrity.

Treatment Options for Flatfoot

Treatment depends on age, symptoms, and severity. Associate Prof. Dr. Harun Mutlu and Associate Prof. Dr. Serhat Mutlu recommend:

1. Custom Orthotic Insoles

Personalized orthotics support the arch, reducing pain and fatigue.

Special footwear designed for flatfoot helps distribute weight evenly.

2. Exercises and Physical Therapy

Strengthening exercises for foot muscles can help rebuild the arch over time.

Heel raises, toe‐spreading exercises, and marble pickups strengthen the plantar muscles.

Physical therapy improves mobility, especially in adult‐onset cases.

3. Pain Management

Pain relievers and anti‐inflammatory medications can provide relief.

Ice applications help reduce inflammation.

4. Surgical Treatment (Advanced Cases)

If flatfoot is severe and conservative measures fail, surgery may be considered.

Tendon transfers or bone realignment procedures can reconstruct the arch.

How to Prevent Flatfoot

Monitor foot development in childhood.

Choose shoes with good arch support.

Avoid excessive weight gain and maintain regular exercise.

Take breaks to rest if your work requires long periods of standing.

Conclusion

Flatfoot is manageable with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Orthotic use, regular exercises, and proper footwear are key to reducing pain and fatigue.

If you have flatfoot concerns, Associate Prof. Dr. Harun Mutlu and Associate Prof. Dr. Serhat Mutlu can perform a detailed evaluation and recommend the best treatment to restore a healthy gait.

For more information or to book an appointment, please consult an orthopedic specialist.