Our Treatments

Kyphosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

What is Kyphosis?

Kyphosis is a spinal disorder characterized by an excessive forward curvature of the spine, usually affecting the thoracic region (upper back). It leads to a hunched or rounded back appearance. While mild kyphosis may not cause significant symptoms, severe cases can result in back pain, movement limitations, and breathing difficulties.

Kyphosis can develop in childhood or as a result of aging. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent progression and determine the most effective treatment approach.

Symptoms of Kyphosis

Symptoms of kyphosis vary depending on the severity of the curvature and its underlying cause. Common signs include:

Rounded or hunched back posture

Forward-leaning shoulders

Back and lower back pain

Tension or stiffness in the neck and shoulders

Limited range of motion and flexibility

Breathing difficulties in severe cases (due to reduced lung capacity)

Causes of Kyphosis

Kyphosis can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. The most common causes include:

1. Postural Kyphosis

The most common type of kyphosis.

Develops due to poor posture, such as prolonged sitting at a desk, excessive phone or computer use, and slouching.

Can be corrected with exercise and posture training.

2. Scheuermann’s Kyphosis

Caused by abnormal vertebral growth during adolescence.

Leads to permanent spinal curvature.

Diagnosed with X-rays and may require bracing or surgery in severe cases.

3. Congenital Kyphosis

Occurs at birth due to improper spinal development.

Caused by vertebral malformations or fusion defects.

Often diagnosed in early childhood, and some cases may require surgery.

4. Age-Related (Degenerative) Kyphosis

Develops due to osteoporosis (bone loss), spinal fractures, or degenerative disc disease.

More common in older adults.

Can be managed with calcium and vitamin D supplements, physical therapy, and exercise.

5. Traumatic Kyphosis

Occurs after spinal fractures, accidents, or injuries.

If untreated, it may worsen over time and require surgical intervention.

6. Neuromuscular Kyphosis

Develops due to muscle and nerve disorders such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injuries.

How is Kyphosis Diagnosed?

Kyphosis is diagnosed by orthopedic specialists using a physical examination and imaging techniques.

Diagnostic Methods:

Physical Examination: Evaluates the patient’s posture and spinal curvature.

X-rays: Measure the degree of curvature (Cobb angle).

MRI and CT scans: Provide a detailed assessment of spinal structure and check for nerve compression.

Bone Density Test: Recommended if osteoporosis-related kyphosis is suspected.

Treatment Options for Kyphosis

Treatment depends on the type, severity, and cause of kyphosis.

1. Non-Surgical (Conservative) Treatment

Mild to moderate kyphosis cases can be managed with:

Posture training and physical therapy: Helps improve alignment.

Exercise programs: Strengthen back muscles (yoga, Pilates, and swimming are beneficial).

Bracing: Used in Scheuermann’s kyphosis to prevent curve progression in children and adolescents.

Osteoporosis treatment: Includes calcium and vitamin D supplements to prevent fractures.

Pain management: NSAIDs and muscle relaxants can help relieve discomfort.

2. Surgical Treatment

Surgery is recommended for severe kyphosis cases or when pain and functional limitations worsen. Common surgical procedures include:

Spinal fusion surgery: Corrects spinal curvature using metal rods and screws.

Minimally invasive surgery: Reduces healing time with smaller incisions.

Living with Kyphosis: Prevention and Management

Exercise regularly: Strengthens back muscles and improves posture (yoga, Pilates, and swimming are recommended).

Maintain proper posture: Use ergonomic chairs and desks to reduce strain.

Schedule regular medical check-ups: Spinal screenings are essential, especially for adolescents.

Follow a healthy diet: Consume calcium and vitamin D-rich foods to maintain bone health.

Expert Opinions on Kyphosis

Orthopedic specialists Doç. Dr. Serhat Mutlu and Doç. Dr. Harun Mutlu emphasize that early diagnosis and proper treatment play a crucial role in improving patients’ quality of life. Monitoring kyphosis progression in children and adolescents is particularly important to prevent severe complications.

If you experience symptoms of kyphosis, consulting an orthopedic specialist for a thorough evaluation is highly recommended.