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Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

What is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?


Cubital tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by the compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. The ulnar nerve is responsible for providing sensation to the little finger and part of the ring finger, as well as controlling certain hand muscles. When the nerve is compressed at the elbow, it can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, and muscle weakness.


Symptoms of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome


The most common symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome include:
Numbness and tingling: Usually felt in the ring and little fingers.
Weakness in the hand and fingers: This can progress over time, affecting fine motor skills.
Pain in the elbow and forearm: Symptoms may worsen when the elbow remains bent for long periods.
Decreased sensation: Reduced touch sensitivity in the little and ring fingers.


Causes of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Prolonged elbow flexion (e.g., working on a computer or using a phone for extended periods).
Constant pressure on the elbow (e.g., leaning on a desk or resting the elbow on hard surfaces).
Injuries or trauma affecting the elbow.
Congenital anatomical differences that make the ulnar nerve more prone to compression.
Repetitive arm and elbow movements that irritate the nerve.


Diagnosis


Orthopedic specialists diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome through a detailed physical examination and various tests, including:
Nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS): These tests measure nerve conduction speed and assess the severity of the compression.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Used to evaluate the nerve and surrounding tissues.


Treatment Options for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome


Non-Surgical (Conservative) Treatment:
Changing elbow position: Avoid prolonged flexion of the elbow.
Using a night splint: Helps keep the elbow in a straight position while sleeping.
Physical therapy: Includes nerve gliding exercises and manual therapy to improve mobility.
Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.


Surgical Treatment:


If conservative treatments fail and there is progressive muscle weakness or significant nerve damage, surgery may be necessary. The most common surgical procedures include:
Ulnar nerve decompression surgery
Transposition of the nerve to a new location
Cubital tunnel release to widen the tunnel


Conclusion


Cubital tunnel syndrome can lead to permanent nerve damage if not diagnosed and treated early. People who work long hours on a computer, athletes, and individuals performing repetitive elbow movements should take ergonomic precautions to prevent the condition.


Doç. Dr. Serhat Mutlu and Doç. Dr. Harun Mutlu provide expert insights and the latest diagnostic and treatment approaches for cubital tunnel syndrome. If you are experiencing symptoms, consult an orthopedic specialist for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.