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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common nerve compression disorder caused by the compression of the median nerve in the wrist. The median nerve plays a crucial role in hand movement by providing sensation to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger. When this nerve is compressed at the wrist, it can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness.

Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The most common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include:

Numbness and tingling: Especially in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and ring finger.

Weakness in the hand and fingers: Difficulty gripping or holding objects.

Pain in the wrist and hand: Can worsen over time and spread to the forearm.

Symptoms worsening at night: Numbness and tingling are often more noticeable at night.

Loss of sensation in the fingers: As the condition progresses, touch sensitivity may decrease.

Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome often develops due to excessive use of the hands and wrists. Common causes include:

Repetitive wrist and hand movements (such as typing, writing, knitting, or playing musical instruments).

Prolonged pressure on the wrist

Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause, etc.)

Underlying medical conditions (such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis).

Genetic predisposition

Previous wrist fractures, dislocations, or trauma

Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is diagnosed by an orthopedic specialist through a detailed examination and various diagnostic tests, including:

Physical examination: Special maneuvers such as the Tinel’s and Phalen’s tests are used to evaluate nerve compression.

Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS): These tests measure the speed of nerve signals and assess the severity of compression.

Ultrasound or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides a detailed evaluation of the nerve and surrounding structures.

Treatment Options for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Non-Surgical (Conservative) Treatment:

Mild to moderate cases of carpal tunnel syndrome can be managed with the following treatments:

Wrist splints: Wearing a splint at night helps keep the wrist in a neutral position and relieves pressure on the nerve.

Hand and wrist exercises: Specific exercises improve the movement of the median nerve.

Lifestyle modifications: Avoiding repetitive wrist movements and adopting ergonomic practices.

Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Physical therapy and ultrasound-assisted treatments: Help relieve pressure on the nerve.

Corticosteroid injections: Provide temporary relief in severe cases.

Surgical Treatment:

Surgery is recommended for severe cases or when non-surgical treatments fail. The most common surgical options include:

Open carpal tunnel release surgery: A small incision is made in the wrist to release pressure on the median nerve.

Endoscopic carpal tunnel release: A minimally invasive procedure using a small camera, which allows for faster recovery.

Expert Opinions on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Orthopedic specialists Doç. Dr. Serhat Mutlu and Doç. Dr. Harun Mutlu emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and proper treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. If left untreated, permanent nerve damage can occur, making surgery inevitable.

If you experience numbness, weakness, or pain in your hands, consulting an orthopedic specialist for a thorough evaluation is highly recommended.