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Achilles Tendon Injuries: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
What is the Achilles Tendon?
The Achilles tendon is one of the strongest tendons in the body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. It plays a crucial role in walking, running, and jumping. However, excessive strain, trauma, or insufficient stretching can lead to Achilles tendon injuries, including tears or ruptures.
Causes of Achilles Tendon Injuries
Achilles tendon injuries often result from sudden movements or prolonged overuse. Assoc. Prof. Harun Mutlu and Assoc. Prof. Serhat Mutlu highlight the following risk factors that can contribute to these injuries:
Sudden and Intense Movements: Sports that require abrupt acceleration or stopping (such as basketball, soccer, or tennis) can place excessive stress on the Achilles tendon.
Insufficient Warm-Up and Stretching: Failing to properly warm up before exercise can reduce tendon flexibility, increasing the risk of injury.
Overuse: Long-distance running, high-intensity training, or exercising on hard surfaces can cause wear and tear on the tendon.
Improper Footwear: Wearing unsupportive or hard-soled shoes can increase strain on the Achilles tendon.
Aging: As people age, their tendons lose elasticity and become more prone to injuries.
Use of Corticosteroids or Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics: These medications have been linked to an increased risk of Achilles tendon weakening and rupture.
Symptoms of Achilles Tendon Injuries
Common symptoms of Achilles tendon injuries include:
Pain and tenderness in the back of the calf and around the heel
Difficulty moving the ankle
Increased pain while walking or climbing stairs
Swelling and redness in the Achilles tendon area
A “popping” or “snapping” sound at the time of injury, followed by intense pain
Inability to rise onto the toes
Diagnosis of Achilles Tendon Injuries
In the diagnosis process, Assoc. Prof. Harun Mutlu and Assoc. Prof. Serhat Mutlu emphasize the importance of a thorough physical examination and imaging studies. Common diagnostic methods include:
Physical Examination: The doctor evaluates the patient’s gait, pain level, and Achilles tendon damage. The Thompson Test is often used to detect an Achilles tendon rupture.
Ultrasound: Used to assess the structure of the tendon and detect possible tears.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides a detailed view of the tendon and surrounding soft tissues to determine the extent of the injury.
Treatment for Achilles Tendon Injuries
Treatment depends on the severity of the injury and the patient’s activity level. It can be classified into non-surgical (conservative) and surgical approaches.
1. Non-Surgical (Conservative) Treatment
For mild to moderate Achilles tendon injuries, the following methods can be effective:
Rest: Limiting activity to prevent further strain on the injured area.
Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs for 15-20 minutes at intervals during the first 48 hours to reduce swelling and pain.
Elevation: Keeping the foot elevated to minimize swelling.
Compression Bandages or Orthotic Devices: Special braces or casts may be used to support tendon healing.
Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises help restore tendon strength and flexibility.
2. Surgical Treatment
Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases of a complete rupture. Assoc. Prof. Harun Mutlu and Assoc. Prof. Serhat Mutlu recommend surgery, particularly for young and active individuals.
Open Surgery: The damaged tendon is surgically repaired with sutures.
Minimally Invasive Surgery: The tendon is repaired through small incisions, leading to a faster recovery process.
Post-surgical rehabilitation is crucial for restoring full function to the Achilles tendon. Patients undergo physical therapy to strengthen the tendon and gradually return to normal activities.
Prevention of Achilles Tendon Injuries
Warm Up and Stretch Properly: Preparing the muscles before exercise increases tendon flexibility and reduces injury risk.
Wear Proper Footwear: Supportive and orthopedic shoes help distribute pressure evenly and reduce strain.
Increase Training Intensity Gradually: Avoid sudden increases in workout intensity.
Maintain a Healthy Diet: Foods rich in collagen and protein support tendon health.
Conclusion
Achilles tendon injuries are common, especially among athletes, but with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, recovery is often successful. Assoc. Prof. Harun Mutlu and Assoc. Prof. Serhat Mutlu emphasize the importance of personalized treatment plans to ensure optimal recovery. If you experience pain, swelling, or difficulty moving your Achilles tendon, it is crucial to consult an orthopedic specialist as soon as possible.